As a learner driver, getting behind the wheel for the first time marks a big and exciting milestone. However, before you get started, it's important to know the rules and responsibilities that come with holding a provisional driving licence.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll steer you through everything you need to know about learning to drive legally and safely in the UK.
Can I drive with a provisional licence in the UK?
You are allowed to drive with a provisional driving licence in the UK, but there are important restrictions you need to follow. Provisional licence holders must be supervised by a qualified driver, display L plates at all times, and stick to specific rules when learning to drive on public roads. These regulations are designed to make sure that all road users stay safe.
Getting your provisional licence
To become a fully licensed driver, first you need to get your provisional driving licence.
You can apply for this as early as 15 years and 9 months old, although most people won't be able to start driving a car until they're 17 (there's an exception for those who receive the enhanced rate of the mobility component of Personal Independence Payment (PIP) – they may be eligible to start driving at 16).
To apply for your provisional licence, visit the official GOV.UK website. You'll need to provide proof of identity (such as a passport), addresses where you've lived for the past three years, and your National Insurance number, if you have one. As of 2024, it costs £34 to apply for a provisional driving licence online, or £43 if you apply by post.
Once you’ve submitted your application, you should receive your provisional licence within about a week, as long as no additional checks are needed.
Learning to drive with a provisional licence
With your provisional licence in hand, you're ready to start learning. Remember, you can't simply take to the roads alone. You have to be accompanied by a qualified supervisor at all times when you're driving.
Your supervisor must be at least 21 years old and have held a full UK driving licence for at least 3 years. This could be a professional driving instructor, a friend, or a family member – they just have to meet these criteria. If you're practising in a friend or family member's car, make sure their insurance covers you as a learner driver.
When driving as a learner, you must display L plates on the front and rear of your car. These let other road users know that you're still learning, and to give you a little extra space and consideration. Don't forget to remove these plates when someone else is driving the car.
Insurance for learner drivers
Insurance is a must-have for all drivers, including learners.
You have a couple of options when it comes to getting insured as a provisional licence holder: you could be added as a named driver on a parent or friend's existing policy; or you could take out specialised learner driver insurance.
Many insurance companies offer temporary or short-term policies specifically designed for learner drivers. These can be a flexible and cost-effective option, especially if you're practising in someone else's car.
Whatever option you choose, make sure you're properly insured before you start driving – it's not just a legal requirement, it also keeps you financially protected.
Rules of the road for learner drivers
As a learner driver, you're subject to most of the same rules as fully licensed drivers. You need to obey all traffic signs and signals, follow speed limits, and drive safely and considerately. However, there are a few special rules for learners to be aware of.
In England, Scotland, and Wales, learner drivers can now practise on motorways, but only under specific conditions. You must be accompanied by an approved driving instructor, and the car must be fitted with dual controls. This change was introduced to help learners gain experience on these high-speed roads before passing their test.
Another important point to note is that your supervisor is not allowed to use a mobile phone while supervising you. They need to be fully focused on your driving and ready to help if needed.
Preparing for your driving tests
Learning to drive isn't just about practising behind the wheel. You'll also need to pass both a theory test and a practical driving test before you can get your full licence.
The theory test assesses your knowledge of the Highway Code and your hazard perception skills. Be sure to study thoroughly, and take plenty of practice tests before booking your actual theory test.
Once you've passed your theory test, you have two years to pass your practical driving test. This assesses your ability to drive safely and independently. It includes an eyesight check, vehicle safety questions, and about 40 minutes of driving, during which you'll need to demonstrate various manoeuvres.
Remember, there's no rush to pass your test. Take the time you need to become a confident and safe driver. Many learners find that a combination of professional lessons and practice with friends or family helps them develop the skills they need to start driving solo.
After you pass
Passing your driving test is a great achievement, and something to be proud of. However, it's only the beginning of your journey as a driver.
Once you've passed, you'll need to exchange your provisional licence for a full UK driving licence. You'll also need to make sure you're properly insured as a new driver – your learner insurance won't be valid once you've passed your test.
As a new driver, remember that you're still gaining experience. The first few years after passing your test are when you're at the highest risk of being involved in an accident, so stay focused, follow the rules of the road, and continue to develop your skills.
By understanding the rules around driving with a provisional licence, and taking your learning seriously, you'll be well on your way to becoming a safe and confident driver!
What's the difference between a provisional licence and a full licence?
A provisional licence allows you to learn to drive under supervision, while a full licence allows you to drive independently (after passing both theory and practical driving tests).
Can I drive alone with a provisional licence?
No, you can’t drive alone with a provisional licence. You must always be supervised by a qualified driver who meets the legal requirements.
How long does a provisional licence last?
A provisional driving licence is usually valid for 10 years from the date of issue.
Can I take passengers as a learner driver?
You can carry passengers as a learner driver, as long as you're properly supervised. However, it's often recommended to limit passengers while learning to reduce distractions.
Do I need to display L plates when driving with a provisional licence?
You must display L plates (or D plates in Wales) on the front and rear of the vehicle when driving with a provisional licence.
Can I drive on the motorway with a provisional licence?
You can drive on the motorway on a provisional licence in England, Scotland and Wales, but only if you're with an approved driving instructor and in a car fitted with dual controls.
Can I start learning to drive before I turn 17?
While you can apply for your provisional licence from the age of 15 years and 9 months, you generally can't start driving a car on public roads until you're 17. However, you can start learning theory and even take lessons on private land before you turn 17.